The dispute centers on Kaliningrad, a strategic exclave between Poland and Lithuania where Russia maintains nuclear-capable Iskander-M missiles and its only year-round ice-free port at Baltiysk. In a diplomatic document known as a non-paper, Moscow threatened to use its entire arsenal, including nuclear strikes on decision-making centers, if NATO isolates the territory. NATO officials have dismissed these warnings as irresponsible rhetoric and denied that any alliance exercises pose a threat to Russian territory.
