Before the naval restrictions, more than 80% of Iranian trade moved by sea. The US currently holds leverage over its regional partners; Turkey's annual trade with Washington is $35–45 billion, compared with $5–8 billion with Iran. While new sanctions may not stop freight trains between China and Iran, the routes may become costlier and less reliable. Turkey and Pakistan were former partners of Iran in the CENTO alliance before joining the effort to isolate the country.
