The renewed fighting marks the collapse of the 2022 Pretoria peace deal, which had ended a conflict that killed an estimated 600,000 people. Ethiopia now faces an opposition alliance including the Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF), the Amhara Fano movement, and the Oromo Liberation Army. The crisis has triggered a diplomatic break between Ethiopia and Eritrea, amid accusations that Eritrea, Sudan, and Egypt are supporting the rebel coalition.
