The CPC system is the primary outlet for Kazakhstan's oil, carrying over 80% of its exports across Russia to a terminal near Novorossiysk on the Black Sea. This route has faced instability this year, with infrastructure attacks in January, June, and July causing a total loss of about 3.5 million tonnes of output. Because maintenance at Karachaganak ended on October 1, subsequent data will indicate if the September decline was solely due to planned work.
